玉树地震前不同空间范围内地震活动分布特征研究     

赵晓燕  卜玉菲  武巴特尔  李迎秋 《地震》2011,31(2):137-145

北京时间2010年4月14日7时49分青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生7.1级地震。 本文利用Kolmogorow-Smirnov分布检验法, 对玉树地区不同空间范围内1995—2010年小震月频次分布进行了检验, 得到玉树周边地区不同空间范围内小震月频次不服从正态分布和泊松分布, 并根据峰度、 偏度、 标准差σ、 C_V值以及b_m等统计参数, 对玉树周边不同空间范围内小震活动分布特征的时间变化进行了进一步分析。 结果显示, 在玉树地震前, 不同空间范围内小震月频次的峰度、 偏度、 标准差σ、 C_V值以及b_m等均表现出明显的异常变化。  相似文献   

下翼缘摩擦式自定心钢框架梁柱节点抗震性能的数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋良龙  郭彤 《地震学刊》2011,(6):648-653

介绍了一种新型的铜框架梁柱节点形式,其中预应力钢绞线提供了结构在地震作用下的复位功能（自定心）,设置在梁端下翼缘的摩擦件则为结构提供了耗能能力;介绍了下翼缘摩擦式自定心钢框架粱柱节点的构造和工作原理,以节点的低用反复加载试验结果为依据,利用面向对象的开放式计算程序OpenSees建立了节点的数值模型,并侧重于模拟节点在地震作用下的张开/闭合、自定心、摩擦耗能以及螺栓受剪等特性。由计算结果与试验结果对比可知,所建立的数值模型对节点的抗震性能具有良好的模拟效果。  相似文献   

Velocity profiles and incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Faye KROL 《国际泥沙研究》2010,25(1):39-51

A series of experiments for the incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover have been carried out in laboratory under different flow and boundary conditions.Measurements on flow velocities across the measuring cross-section at different water depths have been conducted.Based on these experiments under both ice-covered and open flow conditions,the impacts of solid boundary(such as ice cover and flume sidewall) on the distribution of flow velocity profiles have been discussed.The criteria for the inc...  相似文献   

非对称双塔连体结构柔性连接体系参数研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭文海  谭平  候家健  周福霖 《华南地震》2009,29(1):8-16

基于非对称双塔连体结构柔性连接体系的3自由度（3-DOF）力学模型,利用虚拟激励法分析了连接构件的频率比、阻尼比和质量比等参数对该复杂结构体系地震反应的影响。根据不同的控制目标,得到了非对称双塔连体结构柔性连接体系支座优化设计参数变化规律和连接参数的优化组合,可用来指导此类结构的减震初步设计。最后以某实际工程为算例进行数值分析,验证了优化理论的正确性。  相似文献   

中国中、东部典型样区不同发展水平下土壤与土地利用多样性的对比分析(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段金龙  张学雷 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(6):1101-1116

Two typical provincial capitals (Nanjing and Zhengzhou) and two counties (Rugao and Yuanyang) in east (Jiangsu Province) and central (Henan Province) China were chosen respectively as the developed and less developed comparative cases for pedodiversity and land use diversity correlative analysis by borrowing the recently better developed pedodiversity methodology. Land use classification was worked out using remote sensing images in three different periods (1986-1988, 2000-2001 and 2004-2006) for these studied case areas before the calculation of the constituent diversity index and spatial distribution diversity index modified after Shannon entropy in 2 km×2 km grid scale of the soil and land use pattern were conducted and then a connection index was proposed to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use diversity. Results show that during the years from 1986 to 2006, the composition and spatial distribution of regional land use pattern had changed greatly. The agricultural land area of all the studied case areas decreased obviously in which Nanjing has the highest decrement of 895.98 km 2 mainly into urban use while the other land use type area changes show the same trend. The connection index of four typical soil family types and typical urban land use types, i.e., urban construction land, transportation land and industrial and mining area all increased in this period. In the studied case areas, there is the highest soil constituent diversity in Zhengzhou at 0.779 while the simplest soil constituent diversity in Rugao at 0.582. Meanwhile we have higher land use diversity in the more urbanized Jiangsu Province than Henan Province, Nanjing is ranking the first that has been getting higher and higher in the three periods at 0.366 in 1986-1988, 0.483 in 2000-2001 and 0.545 in 2004-2006. Finally, the connection index figures to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use diversity of the studied areas were compared to show the similar phenomenon that this figure grows fastest in Nanjing followed by Zhengzhou and other places.  相似文献   

天津武清地区云凝结核变化特征     

王婷婷  孙俊英  沈小静  邓兆泽  张养梅  安林昌  张晓春  颜鹏  梁文德  陈丽丽 《气象科技》2012,40(3):466-473

利用2009年11—12月在天津武清气象局测量的云凝结核(CCN:Cloud Condensation Nuclei)浓度资料以及气溶胶数谱分布的观测资料,分析了武清地区在不同过饱和度(0.1%～1.0%)下云凝结核浓度及活化率的变化特征。结果表明:武清地区冬季CCN数浓度变化范围很大,过饱和度1%时,浓度变化范围为4000～32000cm-3,且浓度受风速影响明显,风速2级以下CCN数浓度很高,过饱和度1%时,其平均浓度可达16000cm-3,但对于4级风速以上CCN平均浓度为4000cm-3左右;在过饱和度0.1%～0.4%间CCN浓度变化较大,过饱和度每增加0.1%,CCN浓度增加值平均约为过饱和度0.4%～1.0%间浓度增量的5倍。低过饱和度(0.1%、0.2%)下,活化率受风速影响明显,1级风速下的CCN活化率约为4级风速下的3倍,但在过饱和度1%时活化率则相差不大。CCN浓度的日变化呈双峰型,峰值时刻为北京时间08:00和18:00左右,活化率的日变化则呈双谷型,这主要是受局地排放影响的结果。利用指数函数拟合各风速下CCN浓度过饱和度谱,表明该地谱型为典型的大陆型。  相似文献   

Applying local Green's functions to study the influence of the crustal structure on hydrological loading displacements     

《Journal of Geodynamics》2015

The influence of the elastic Earth properties on seasonal or shorter periodic surface deformations due to atmospheric surface pressure and terrestrial water storage variations is usually modeled by applying a local half-space model or an one dimensional spherical Earth model like PREM from which a unique set of elastic load Love numbers, or alternatively, elastic Green's functions are derived. The first model is valid only if load and observer almost coincide, the second model considers only the response of an average Earth structure. However, for surface loads with horizontal scales less than 2500 km², as for instance, for strong localized hydrological signals associated with heavy precipitation events and river floods, the Earth elastic response becomes very sensitive to inhomogeneities in the Earth crustal structure.We derive a set of local Green's functions defined globally on a 1° × 1° grid for the 3-layer crustal structure TEA12. Local Green's functions show standard deviations of ±12% in the vertical and ±21% in the horizontal directions for distances in the range from 0.1° to 0.5°. By means of Green's function scatter plots, we analyze the dependence of the load response to various crustal rocks and layer thicknesses. The application of local Green's functions instead of a mean global Green's function introduces a variability of 0.5–1.0 mm into the hydrological loading displacements, both in vertical and in horizontal directions. Maximum changes due to the local crustal structures are from −25% to +26% in the vertical and −91% to +55% in the horizontal displacements. In addition, the horizontal displacement can change its direction significantly. The lateral deviations in surface deformation due to local crustal elastic properties are found to be much larger than the differences between various commonly used one-dimensional Earth models.  相似文献   

山西省城镇空间分布特征Voronoi图建模分析     

林慧  郑新奇 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(1):62-68

随着我国新型城镇化规划的实施,如何识别城镇发展的不均衡,以及产生这些差异的原因已成为城镇化建设亟待解决的问题。本文利用Voronoi图的空间剖分特性,将城市中心性强度作为权重引入模型,建立山西省地级市加权Voronoi图,分析其空间影响范围,以判断山西省地级市发展的合理性和局限性;利用Delaunay图发现城市“空洞”,结合道路河流等矢量信息,通过叠加分析识别出待优先发展城镇;通过常规Voronoi图和变异系数C_v值判断本文模型的合理性和可行性。研究发现,山西省太原市的空间影响范围较大,导致周边地级市东西部发展较为不均衡;繁峙县、灵石县、新绛县条件较好,可以优先发展;通过常规Voronoi图和C_v值验证表明,本文所得结论与实际检验相符合。  相似文献   

考虑钙质砂细观颗粒形状影响的液体拖曳力系数试验     

吴野  王胤  杨庆 《岩土力学》2018,39(9):3203-3212

钙质砂作为南海岛礁填筑常用的岩土材料,其渗透性很大程度上决定着填筑后土体的固结和沉降。拖曳力系数是表达流体对土体颗粒表面力的参数,也是表征颗粒状土体渗透能力的一个重要参数,目前国内外对钙质砂拖曳力系数的研究十分有限。首先引入一个修正的三维参数 对钙质砂这种天然非规则颗粒材料的形状进行定量描述,然后开展一系列单个钙质砂颗粒在液体中沉降试验,利用高速相机记录颗粒沉降过程,结合图像处理技术获得颗粒沉降平衡速度Ut,进而计算出拖曳力系数CD和雷诺数Re,最后拟合出包含CD、Re及 三个参数的钙质砂拖曳力系数半经验模型。结果发现,在相同雷诺数条件下钙质砂的形状系数 越大,拖曳力系数越小。通过与其他研究结果对比发现,其表面微孔隙越发育,拖曳力系数越小的规律。该模型能够考虑不规则颗粒形状对拖曳力系数的影响,从而提高对土体渗透性预测的精度,对南海岛礁填筑工程中钙质砂固结和沉降的计算也具有重要意义。  相似文献   

基于小波变换和数学形态学的潮沟提取方法研究     

和思海  韩震  朱言江  胡旭冉  丁如一 《海洋科学》2017,41(9):123-129

潮沟是潮滩的主要地貌类型之一,潮沟信息的检测对湿地生态环境的监测和保护有着重要意义。本文以长江口九段沙下沙北部发育比较复杂的潮沟为研究对象,使用2016年1月26日Landsat8全色波段数据,采用了一种融合小波变换、最大类间方差法和数学形态学的方法对潮沟边缘信息进行了检测。小波变换中通过减小高层小波系数,达到弱化潮滩灰度变化的目的;通过增大低层小波系数,达到增强潮沟信息的目的;利用数学形态学和图像之间的几何(加减乘)运算,完成潮沟的提取;最后,分别在原始数据和检测结果相应的位置取样进行精度验证,样方潮沟面积一致性精度平均为92.1%。  相似文献